Professional Guidance. Page updated September 2025. Carbon standards and methodologies are subject to change. Issuance occurs only after independent verification and registry approval.
How to Make Money Producing and Selling Carbon Offsets
This guide sets out a practical route to develop credible projects, secure issuance, and complete sales. The focus is on quality, audit readiness, and commercial terms that close.
Who This Guide Serves
Eligible Project Types
REDD+ ARR IFM Cookstoves Biogas Landfill Gas Blue Carbon Renewables
Aligned with Verra, Gold Standard, ART TREES, and ACR methodologies where requirements can be met and evidenced.
Commercial Path
- Primary sales via ERPAs and forward offtakes
- Spot sales of issued credits through brokers or exchanges
- Portfolio placements for multi-year delivery schedules
Key Documentation
- Rights and tenure evidence
- Project Design Document with safeguards
- Monitoring plan, verifier reports, and registry records
Unit Economics
Revenue Levers
- Verified annual volume in tCO₂e
- Weighted average realized price per ton
- Quality premiums for safeguards and data transparency
Cost Elements
- Screening, legal, and geospatial work
- PDD drafting, validation, registry fees
- MRV cycles, verifier audits, issuance
| Phase | Typical Timing | Cash Effect | Quality Signals |
|---|---|---|---|
| Screening & Rights | 1–6 weeks | Cost | Clean title, enforceable rights, stakeholder map |
| Methodology Selection | 2–4 weeks | Neutral | Clear fit on additionality, leakage, permanence |
| PDD Drafting | 6–12 weeks | Cost | Defensible baseline, safeguards, MRV plan |
| Validation & Registration | 4–10 weeks | Cost | DOE report, corrective actions closed, registry ID |
| Monitoring & Verification | 6–12 months | Cost | Reliable field data and sampling integrity |
| Issuance & Sales | Post-verification | Revenue | Delivery certainty and governance controls |
Step-by-Step Process
Confirm rights, map stakeholders, and test a conservative baseline. Close gaps before costs escalate.
Select a standard and methodology that the project can satisfy with evidence. Avoid speculative assumptions.
Build a 7 to 10 year model with volume, price, cost, and sensitivities. Align with buyer diligence questions.
Draft the PDD. Put FPIC, grievance routes, and community programs in place where required by method or law.
Engage an accredited DOE. Address findings. Register the project with the chosen standard.
Collect data per the methodology. A verifier reviews and confirms results. Registry issues credits after approval.
Prepare a data room. Decide on ERPA or spot sales. Run buyer KYC and close on clear settlement mechanics.
Structuring and Capital
Project SPV and Contracts
- SPV that holds rights, agreements, and proceeds
- ERPA with delivery windows and make-good terms
- Community benefit agreements tied to issuance
Funding Options
- Development capital for screening, PDD, and validation
- Working capital for MRV and issuance
- Forward prepayments with delivery security and reporting
What to Prepare
Documentation
- Land tenure and usage rights
- Maps, shapefiles, and geospatial data
- Historic activity and baseline evidence
Stakeholders
- Community engagement plan and FPIC pathway
- Grievance log and social safeguards
- Government permits where applicable
Commercial
- 7 to 10 year financial model
- Draft ERPA terms and marketing plan
- SPV documents and bank accounts
Carbon Project Advisory Services
We advise on feasibility, methodology selection, PDD drafting, validation support, MRV planning, data rooms, and sale processes. The objective is issuance and a clean route to buyers at fair prices.
Start Your IntakeKey Clarifiers
Land Ownership vs Rights
Ownership is not the only path. What matters is the legal right to perform activities and to receive proceeds, supported by enforceable agreements.
Pre-selling Credits
ERPAs and forward sales are common. Terms usually include milestones, delivery tests, and price protections for both parties.
Disclaimer. This content is for project sponsors and professional counterparties. It is not investment advice and it is not an offer or solicitation of securities. Outcomes depend on data quality, methodology compliance, third-party audits, buyer due diligence, and market conditions. Regulated activities are carried out through chaperoned partners where required.

